Ch8

Consonants
Most frequent consonant systems
USPID
12 places of articulation
Combine dispersion and MUAF principles
Labial, coronal, and velar
/m/ vs. /n/
The Dispersion-Focalization theory of sound system
DT&DFT
The system is obtained by minimizing the sum of dipersion cost and local cost
The energy function of a given system
Explanation for a lesser role of higher formants in perceptual dispersion
Formant-based distance is replaced by an auditory spectral distance resulting in decreasing the ration between the [i]-[u]
Lower-frequency formants are better perceived than higher-frequency ones
Non-auditory argument from proprioception
Focalization plays a role in vowel perception