Language familyOTO-MANGUEAN
Wikipedia
NativeLanguageOrg
IPA database on WapediaIPA consonant databaseIPA occurrence in languages
Instrumental Phonetics
The field of phonetics can be divided up into a number of sub-fields, and the term 'instrumental' is used to refer to the analysis of speech by means of instruments; this may be acoustic (the study of the vibration in the air caused by speech sounds) or articulatory (the study of the movements of the articulators which produce speech sounds). Instrumental phonetics is a quantitative approach - it attempts to characterise speech in terms of measurements and numbers, rather than by relying on listeners' impressions.
Many different instruments have been devised for the study of speech sounds. The best known technique for acoustic analysis is spectrography, in which a computer produces a "picture" of speech sounds. Such computer systems can usually also carry out the analysis of fundamental frequency for producing "pitch displays". For analysis of articulatory activity there are many instrumental techniques in use, including radiography (X-rays) for examining activity inside the vocal tract, laryngography for inspecting the inside of the larynx, palatography for recording patterns of contact between tongue and palate, glottography for studying the vibration of the vocal folds and many others. Measurement of airflow from the vocal tract and of air pressure within it also give us a valuable indirect picture of other aspects of articulation.
Instrumental techniques are usually used in experimental phonetics, but this does not mean that all instrumental studies are experimental: when a theory or hypothesis is being tested under controlled conditions the research is experimental, but if one simply makes a collection of measurements using instruments this is not the case.
Spectrogram
Wikipedia
X-ray techniqueElectromagnetic Articulography (EMA)
UCLA Phonetic Lab
Palatography and Electropalatography (EPG)
Fig
Electromyography (EMG)
EMG Test
EMG in Japanese
Wikipedia
OUHSC
Doctoronline
Electroglottography(EGG)
EGG Principles
Technical Note
EGG (electroglottography) Signal Study of 100 Mandarin Speakers
Voice Quality EGG and Electroglottography
Laryngography
Laryngograph
MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY
Clinical Measurement of Speech & Voice
Instrumental Clinical Phonetics
UCL Phonetics & Linguistics
voice quality and Electrolaryngography
Good site
General Phonetics Bibliography
